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The business behind the dividend

MeasureAPDMedianFormula
Return on equity-2.6%11.7%Net income ÷ shareholders’ equity
Return on capital employedOperating income ÷ (equity + total debt)
Owner earnings$-5.85bn$632.00mNet income + depreciation & amortisation − capital expenditure
Free cash flow$-3.77bn$746.10mOperating cash flow − capital expenditure
Operating margin-7.3%15.0%Operating income ÷ revenue
Net margin-3.3%10.2%Net income ÷ revenue
Debt to equityTotal debt ÷ shareholders’ equity
Interest cover-4.10x4.43xOperating income ÷ interest expense
Current ratio1.38x1.25xCurrent assets ÷ current liabilities
Long-term debt to working capitalLong-term debt ÷ (current assets − current liabilities)
Cash conversionOperating cash flow ÷ net income

Not computed here: Cash conversion, Debt to equity, Long-term debt to working capital, Return on capital employed — why a blank is not a zero.

Ten years of it

The same measures, for every year the filings support. One year is a fact; a row is a business.

Measure2025202420232022202120202019201820172016Median
Return on equity-2.6%22.5%16.1%17.2%15.5%15.6%15.9%13.8%29.7%8.9%15.6%
Return on capital employed11.9%11.2%11.6%15.4%14.2%10.7%12.4%11.9%
Operating margin-7.3%36.9%19.8%18.4%22.1%25.3%24.0%22.0%17.6%20.5%20.5%
Net margin-3.3%31.6%18.3%17.8%20.3%21.3%19.7%16.8%36.6%8.4%18.3%
Debt to equity0.49x0.51x0.59x0.26x0.27x0.34x0.75x0.49x
Current ratio1.38x1.52x1.33x1.81x2.99x3.59x2.54x2.17x2.36x1.32x1.81x
Cash conversion0.95x1.39x1.41x1.59x1.73x1.69x1.70x0.84x3.58x1.59x